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TESLA.TXT
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Oliver Nichelson
333 N 760 E
Am. Fork, Utah 84003
Nikola Tesla's Long Range Weapon
Oliver Nichelson
Copyright 1989
The French ship Iena blew up in 1907. Electrical experts were
sought by the press for an explanation. Many thought the explosion
was caused by an electrical spark and the discussion was about the
origin of the ignition. Lee De Forest, inventor of the Audion
vacuum tube adopted by many radio broadcasters, pointed out that
Nikola Tesla had experimented with a "dirigible torpedo" capable of
delivering such destructive power to a ship through remote control.
He noted, though, Tesla also claimed that the same technology used
for remotely controlling vehicles also could project an electrical
wave of "sufficient intensity to cause a spark in a ship's magazine
and explode it."
It was Spring of 1924, however, that the time seemed best for
"death rays," for that year many newspapers carried a several
stories about their invention in different parts of the world.
Harry Grindell-Matthews of London lead the contenders in this early
Star Wars race. The New York Times of May 21st had this report:
Paris, May 20 - If confidence of Grindell
Mathew (sic), inventor of the so-called
'diabolical ray,' in his discovery is
justified it may become possible to put the
whole of an enemy army out of action, destroy
any force of airplanes attacking a city or
paralyze any fleet venturing within a
certain distance of the coast by invisible
rays.
Grindell-Matthews stated that his destructive rays would operate
over a distance of four miles and that the maximum distance for
this type of weapon would be seven or eight miles. "Tests have been
reported where the ray has been used to stop the operation of
automobiles by arresting the action of the magnetos, and an
quantity of gunpowder is said to have been exploded by playing the
beams on it from a distance of thirty-six feet." Grindell-Matthews
was able, also, to electrocute mice, shrivel plants, and light the
wick of an oil lamp from the same distance away.
Sensing something of importance the New York Times copyrighted
its story on May 28th on a ray weapon developed by the Soviets. The
story opened:
News has leaked out from the Communist
circles in Moscow that behind Trotsky's
recent war-like utterance lies an
electromagnetic invention, by a Russian
engineer named Grammachikoff for destroying
airplanes.
Tests of the destructive ray, the Times continued, had began the
previous August with the aid of German technical experts. A large
scale demonstration at Podosinsky Aerodome near Moscow was so
successful that the revolutionary Military Council and the
Political Bureau decided to fund enough electronic anti-aircraft
stations to protect sensitive areas of Russia. Similar, but more
powerful, stations were to be constructed to disable the electrical
mechanisms of warships.
The Commander of the Soviet Air Services, Rosenholtz, was so
overwhelmed by the ray weapon demonstration that he proposed "to
curtail the activity of the air fleet, because the invention
rendered a large air fleet unnecessary for the purpose of defense."
Picking up the death ray stories on the wire services on the
other side of the world, the Colorado Springs Gazette, ran a local
interest item on May 30th. With the headline: "Tesla Discovered
'Death Ray' in Experiments He Made Here," the story recounted, with
a feeling of local pride, the inventor's 1899 researches financed
by John Jacob Astor.
Tesla's Colorado Springs tests were well remembered by local
residents. With a 200 foot pole topped by a large copper sphere
rising above his laboratory he generated potentials that discharged
lightning bolts up to 135 feet long. Thunder from the released
energy could be heard 15 miles away in Cripple Creek. People
walking along the streets were amazed to see sparks jumping between
their feet and the ground, and flames of electricity would spring
from a tap when anyone turned them on for a drink of water. Light
bulbs within 100 feet of the experimental tower glowed when they
were turned off. Horses at the livery stable received shocks
through their metal shoes and bolted from the stalls. Even insects
were affected: Butterflies became electrified and "helplessly
swirled in circles - their wings spouting blue halos of 'St. Elmo's
Fire.'"
The most pronounced effect, and the one that captured the
attention of death ray inventors, occurred at the Colorado Springs
Electric Company generating station. One day while Tesla was
conducting a high power test, the crackling from inside the
laboratory suddenly stopped. Bursting into the lab Tesla demanded
to know why his assistant had disconnected the coil. The assistant
protested that had not anything. The power from the city's
generator, the assistant said, must have quit. When the angry
Tesla telephoned the power company he received an equally angry
reply that the electric company had not cut the power, but that
Tesla's experiment had destroyed the generator!
The inventor explained to The Electrical Experimenter, in
August of 1917 what had happened. While running his transmitter at
a power level of "several hundred kilowatts" high frequency
currents were set up in the electric company's generators. These
powerful currents "caused heavy sparks to jump thru the winds and
destroy the insulation." When the insulation failed, the generator
shorted out and was destroyed.
Some years later, 1935, he elaborated on the destructive
potential of his transmitter in the February issue of Liberty
magazine:
My invention requires a large plant, but once
it is established it will be possible to
destroy anything, men or machines, approaching
within a radius of 200 miles.
He went on to make a distinction between his invention and those
brought forward by others. He claimed that his device did not use
any so-called "death rays" because such radiation cannot be
produced in large amounts and rapidly becomes weaker over distance.
Here, he likely had in mind a Grindell-Matthews type of device
which, according to contemporary reports, used a powerful ultra-
violet beam to make the air conducting so that high energy current
could be directed to the target. The range of an ultra-violet
searchlight would be much less than what Tesla was claiming. As he
put it: "all the energy of New York City (approximately two million
horsepower [1.5 billion watts]) transformed into rays and projected
twenty miles, would not kill a human being." On the contrary, he
said:
My apparatus projects particles which may
be relatively large or of microscopic di-
mensions, enabling us to convey to a small
area at a great distance trillions of times
more energy than is possible with rays of any
kind. Many thousands of horsepower can be thus
transmitted by a stream thinner than a hair, so
that nothing can resist.
Apparently what Tesla had in mind with this defensive system was
a large scale version of his Colorado Springs lightning bolt
machine. As airplanes or ships entered the electric field of his
charged tower, they would set up a conducting path for a stream of
high energy particles that would destroy the intruder's electrical
system.
A drawback to having giant Tesla transmitters poised to shoot
bolts of lightning at an enemy approaching the coasts is that they
would have to be located in an uninhabited area equal to its circle
of protection. Anyone stepping into the defensive zone of the coils
would be sensed as an intruder and struck down. Today, with the
development of oil drilling platforms, this disadvantage might be
overcome by locating the lightning defensive sys